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Chapter Two
WHAT I HAVE
BEEN COVERED IN
MY PRACTICAL TRAINING
Assembling computer
Is a
large part a
technician job. As
a technician, you
will need to
work in a
logical methodical manner
when working with
computer component. As
with any learned
trade computer assembly
skills will improve
dramatically with practice.
Prepare the
work space before
opening the case,
there should be
adequate, lighting, ventilation
and comfortable room
temperature. The workbench
or table should
be accessible for
all sides. Avoiding
cluttering the surface
of the workbench
or table with
tools and computer
component. An antistatic
mat the table
will help prevent
physical and ESD
damage to equipment.
Small containers can
be used to
hold small screws
and other parts
as they are
being removed.
The process
of assembling PC
is just to
install hardware or
device in its
position setting configuration
and become complete
PC, all hardware
and device are
plug in or
installed in motherboard.
Devices to plug
are power supply,
RAM, CPU and
its fan, hard
disk, CD-ROM, floppy
drive and good
main body.
Windows installation
Window is
a computer
operation which enable
to ran programs
installed in hard
disk there are
several operating eg. Window
vista, Window XP,
Windows 2000, Windows
2003 there is
latest which are
not command prompt
and user friendly.
Window
XP
Window XP
was released in
2001 and presents
the first as
built on NT
that was directly
target towards home
user friendly, file
sharing and network
configuration for setting
up home networks
In this
window all hard
disk arrangement are
done by portable
window CD which
is unlikely to
window 98 soon
after bios setup
configuration and allocate
computer to boot
from CD so
as to ready
with window CD
so as to
ready with window
CD and save
changes in Bios
setup.
PC restart and lunch a
Window XP SETUP, after crating
portion and format then set up will copy window file in the
hard disk, soon PC restart
and
lunch a Window XP SETUP,
after crating
portion and format then set up will copy window file in the hard disk,
soon PC will restart
and lunch window display still setup continue to copy some file
and
other configuration like network
connection customizing and other after finalizing
then installation
is complete.
Microsoft office
installation
Microsoft office
is the collection
of all application programs
such as MS-office
word, MS-office access,
MS-office excel, MS-office
publisher and MS-office
power point. Microsoft
office divided into
various version like
MS-office 2003, MS-office
2007, MS-office 2010
and MS-office 2013.
Installation of
Microsoft office can
be done by
using CD which
become compatible drivers.
You can install
Microsoft office by using
serial number or
without using serial
number. Also you
can install Microsoft
office by using
a USB storage
device like flash
disk.
Printer installation
Printer :- This
is an output
device which convert
file from softcopy
to hardcopy. Printer
is connected to
a computer using
a Universal Serial
Bus or parallel cables according
to the type
of printer and
it’s compatibility.
Installation of printer
depends on a
package CD which
become with compatible
drivers or you
can download drivers
through an internet.
After installation printout
taste page to
know that printer
works printer works
properly.
Sharing printer
over a network
First stage, click start menu and then select
printers and faxes after that select add printer in the Dialog box of printer.
Dialog box of printer task the printer,
the printer wizard will
appear click next
after that there are two option local or network printer. I choose network printer then I
specifies printer name, I click next Final
stage, I browse the printer in a net work
by typing the name which
I specified the list of
printer, Which are on the network will appear
and I choose one which
I want to
share and connect.
Computer
Generation
This is
a topic which
I have been
taught the students
in my practical
training at Meta
Secondary School.
Computer Generation
is a change in technology a computer is/was being used. Initially, the
generation term was used to distinguish between varying hardware technologies.
But nowadays, generation includes both hardware and software, which together
make up an entire computer system.
There are
totally
five computer
generations known till date.
Each
generation has
been discussed in detail
along
with their time period,
characteristics. We've used approximate dates against each generation which are normally accepted. The
following are the main
five generations of computers;
First
Generation; The period of this generation was started
1946-1959. It was
started using vacuum tubes as the
basic components for memory and circuitry for CPU(Central Processing Unit).
These tubes like electric bulbs produced a lot of heat and were prone to
frequent fusing of the installations, therefore, were very expensive and could
be afforded only by very large organizations.
In this generation mainly batch processing
operating system were used. In this generation Punched cards, Paper tape,
Magnetic tape Input & Output device were used.
Some of computer in this
generation were ENIAC,
EDVAC, UNIVAC, IBM-701 and IBM-650
The
following are the
characteristics of this
generation;
·
Vacuum tube technology
·
Unreliable
·
Supported Machine language only
·
Very costly
·
Generate lot of heat
·
Slow Input/Output device
·
Huge size
·
Need of A.C.
·
Non portable
Second Generation; The period of
this generation was started 1959-1965.
This generation using the transistor
was cheaper, consumed
less power, more
compact in size,
more reliable and faster
than the first
generation machines made
of vaccum tubes.
In this generation, magnetic
cores were used
as primary memory
and magnetic tape
and magnetic disks as
secondary storage devices.
In this generation assembly language and high
level programming language like FORTRAN, COBOL was used.
Some
of computer in
this generation were
IBM 1620, IBM 7094, CDC 1604, CDC 3600, and UNIVAC 1108.
The
following are the
characteristics of this
generation;
i.
Use of transistors
ii.
Reliable as compared to First generation computers
iii.
Smaller size as compared to First generation computers
iv.
Generate less heat as compared to First generation
computers
v.
Consumed less electricity as compared to First
generation computers
vi.
Faster than first generation computers
vii.
Still very costly
viii.
A.C. needed
ix.
Support machine and assembly languages
Third
Generation; The period of this
generation was started 1965-1971.
This generation of computer
is marked by
the use of
Integrated Circuits (IC's) in
place of transistors. A single I.C
has many transistors,
resistors and capacitors
along with the associated
circuitry. The I.C was invented
by Jack Kilby. This development
made computers smaller
in size, reliable
and efficient.
In this generation Remote processing,
Time-sharing, Real-time, Multi-programming Operating System were used.
High level language (FORTRAN-II TO IV, COBOL,
PASCAL PL/1, BASIC, ALGOL-68 etc.) were used during this generation.
Some
computers of this generation were
IBM-360 series, Honeywell-6000 series, PDP(Personal Data Processor),
IBM-370/168 and TDC-316.
The
main features of
Third Generation are;
i.
IC used
ii.
More reliable
iii.
Smaller size
iv.
Generate less heat
v.
Faster
vi.
Lesser maintenance
vii.
Still costly
viii.
A.C needed
ix.
Consumed lesser electricity
x.
Support high level language
Fourth
Generation; The period of this Generation was started
1971-1980. The fourth generation of
computers is marked
by the use
of Very Large Scale
Integrated (VLSI) circuits. VLSI
circuits having about
5000 transistors and
other circuit elements
and their associated
circuits on a
single chip made it
possible to have
microcomputers of fourth generation. Fourth
Generation computers became
more powerful, compact, reliable,
and affordable. As a
result, it gave rise to
personal computer (PC)
revolution.
In
this generation Time
sharing, Real time, Networks,
Distributed Operating System
were used.
All
the Higher level
languages like C and
C++, DBASE etc. were used
in this generation.
Some
computers of this
generation were DEC 10,
STAR 1000, PDP 11, CRAY-1(Super Computer) and CRAY-X-MP(Super Computer).
The main features of Fourth Generation are;
i.
VLSI technology used
ii.
Very cheap
iii.
Portable and reliable
iv.
Use of PC's
v.
Very small size
vi.
Pipeline processing
vii.
No A.C. needed
viii.
Concept of internet was introduced
ix.
Great developments in the fields of networks
x.
Computers became easily available
Fifth
Generation; The period
of Fifth Generation is 1980-till
date. In this generation, the VLSI technology
became ULSI (Ultra
Large Scale Integration) technology, resulting
in the production of
microprocessor chips having ten
million electronic components.
This generation
is based on parallel
processing hardware and AI
(Artificial Intelligence) software.
AI is an
emerging branch in
computer science, which
interprets means and method
of making computers
think like human
beings. All the Higher level
languages like C and C++, Java, .Net etc. are
used in this
generation.
AI includes:
i.
Robotics
ii.
Neural
networks
iii.
Game
Playing
iv.
Development
of expert systems
to make decisions
in real life
situations.
v.
Natural
language understanding and
generation.
Some
Computer types of
this generation are
Desktop, Laptop, NoteBook, UltraBook
and ChromeBook.
The main features
of Fifth Generation
are:
i.
ULSI technology
ii.
Development
of true artificial
intelligence
iii.
Development
of Natural language
processing
iv.
Advancement In
Parallel Processing
v.
Advancement
in Superconductor technology
vi.
More user friendly
interfaces with multimedia
features
vii.
Availability of
very powerful and
compact computers at
cheaper rates
Introduction to computer
Also
this is a
topic which I
have been taught
the student at
Meta Secondary School
in my practical
training. The explanation
of this topic
it found in
CHAPTER 1 at page
number 1.
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